3.932 \(\int \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=309 \[ \frac{\sqrt [4]{a} \left (2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}+b\right ) \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{6 c^{3/4} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac{\sqrt [4]{a} b \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{3 c^{3/4} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac{b x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}{3 \sqrt{c} \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )}+\frac{1}{3} x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4} \]

[Out]

(x*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])/3 + (b*x*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])/(3*Sqrt[c]*(Sqrt[a
] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)) - (a^(1/4)*b*(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)*Sqrt[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/
(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)^2]*EllipticE[2*ArcTan[(c^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], (2 - b/(Sqrt
[a]*Sqrt[c]))/4])/(3*c^(3/4)*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]) + (a^(1/4)*(b + 2*Sqrt[a]*
Sqrt[c])*(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)*Sqrt[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2
)^2]*EllipticF[2*ArcTan[(c^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], (2 - b/(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c]))/4])/(6*c
^(3/4)*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.298228, antiderivative size = 309, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, integrand size = 16, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.25 \[ \frac{\sqrt [4]{a} \left (2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}+b\right ) \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{6 c^{3/4} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac{\sqrt [4]{a} b \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{3 c^{3/4} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac{b x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}{3 \sqrt{c} \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )}+\frac{1}{3} x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]  Int[Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4],x]

[Out]

(x*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])/3 + (b*x*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])/(3*Sqrt[c]*(Sqrt[a
] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)) - (a^(1/4)*b*(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)*Sqrt[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/
(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)^2]*EllipticE[2*ArcTan[(c^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], (2 - b/(Sqrt
[a]*Sqrt[c]))/4])/(3*c^(3/4)*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]) + (a^(1/4)*(b + 2*Sqrt[a]*
Sqrt[c])*(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2)*Sqrt[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[c]*x^2
)^2]*EllipticF[2*ArcTan[(c^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], (2 - b/(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c]))/4])/(6*c
^(3/4)*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])

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Rubi in Sympy [A]  time = 39.8969, size = 279, normalized size = 0.9 \[ - \frac{\sqrt [4]{a} b \sqrt{\frac{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}{\left (\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}\right )^{2}}} \left (\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}\right ) E\left (2 \operatorname{atan}{\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}} \right )}\middle | \frac{1}{2} - \frac{b}{4 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )}{3 c^{\frac{3}{4}} \sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}} + \frac{\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt{\frac{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}{\left (\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}\right )^{2}}} \left (\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}\right ) \left (2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c} + b\right ) F\left (2 \operatorname{atan}{\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}} \right )}\middle | \frac{1}{2} - \frac{b}{4 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )}{6 c^{\frac{3}{4}} \sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}} + \frac{b x \sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}}{3 \sqrt{c} \left (\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}\right )} + \frac{x \sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}}{3} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  rubi_integrate((c*x**4+b*x**2+a)**(1/2),x)

[Out]

-a**(1/4)*b*sqrt((a + b*x**2 + c*x**4)/(sqrt(a) + sqrt(c)*x**2)**2)*(sqrt(a) + s
qrt(c)*x**2)*elliptic_e(2*atan(c**(1/4)*x/a**(1/4)), 1/2 - b/(4*sqrt(a)*sqrt(c))
)/(3*c**(3/4)*sqrt(a + b*x**2 + c*x**4)) + a**(1/4)*sqrt((a + b*x**2 + c*x**4)/(
sqrt(a) + sqrt(c)*x**2)**2)*(sqrt(a) + sqrt(c)*x**2)*(2*sqrt(a)*sqrt(c) + b)*ell
iptic_f(2*atan(c**(1/4)*x/a**(1/4)), 1/2 - b/(4*sqrt(a)*sqrt(c)))/(6*c**(3/4)*sq
rt(a + b*x**2 + c*x**4)) + b*x*sqrt(a + b*x**2 + c*x**4)/(3*sqrt(c)*(sqrt(a) + s
qrt(c)*x**2)) + x*sqrt(a + b*x**2 + c*x**4)/3

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Mathematica [C]  time = 1.53022, size = 445, normalized size = 1.44 \[ \frac{-i \left (b \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+4 a c-b^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \sqrt{\frac{-2 \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 b+4 c x^2}{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}} F\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\frac{c}{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )+i b \left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}-b\right ) \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \sqrt{\frac{-2 \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 b+4 c x^2}{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}} E\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\frac{c}{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )+4 c x \sqrt{\frac{c}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{12 c \sqrt{\frac{c}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]  Integrate[Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4],x]

[Out]

(4*c*Sqrt[c/(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*x*(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4) + I*b*(-b + Sqrt[b^2
- 4*a*c])*Sqrt[(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c] + 2*c*x^2)/(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*Sqrt[(
2*b - 2*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c] + 4*c*x^2)/(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*EllipticE[I*ArcSin
h[Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c/(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*x], (b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])/(b - Sqrt[
b^2 - 4*a*c])] - I*(-b^2 + 4*a*c + b*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*Sqrt[(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a
*c] + 2*c*x^2)/(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*Sqrt[(2*b - 2*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c] + 4*c*x^
2)/(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*EllipticF[I*ArcSinh[Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c/(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4
*a*c])]*x], (b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])/(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])])/(12*c*Sqrt[c/(b +
Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])]*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4])

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Maple [A]  time = 0.011, size = 379, normalized size = 1.2 \[{\frac{x}{3}\sqrt{c{x}^{4}+b{x}^{2}+a}}+{\frac{a\sqrt{2}}{6}\sqrt{4-2\,{\frac{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}\sqrt{4+2\,{\frac{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}{\it EllipticF} \left ({\frac{\sqrt{2}x}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{c{x}^{4}+b{x}^{2}+a}}}}-{\frac{ab\sqrt{2}}{6}\sqrt{4-2\,{\frac{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}\sqrt{4+2\,{\frac{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}} \left ({\it EllipticF} \left ({\frac{\sqrt{2}x}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ) -{\it EllipticE} \left ({\frac{\sqrt{2}x}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ) \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{c{x}^{4}+b{x}^{2}+a}}} \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) ^{-1}} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  int((c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2),x)

[Out]

1/3*x*(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2)+1/6*a*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a)^(1/2)*(4-2
*(-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)*(4+2*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)/(
c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2)*EllipticF(1/2*x*2^(1/2)*((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a)^(1/2),1
/2*(-4+2*b*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a/c)^(1/2))-1/6*b*a*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^
(1/2))/a)^(1/2)*(4-2*(-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)*(4+2*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(
1/2))/a*x^2)^(1/2)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2)/(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*(EllipticF(1/2*x
*2^(1/2)*((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a)^(1/2),1/2*(-4+2*b*(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a/
c)^(1/2))-EllipticE(1/2*x*2^(1/2)*((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a)^(1/2),1/2*(-4+2*b*
(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/a/c)^(1/2)))

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Maxima [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[ \int \sqrt{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}\,{d x} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a), x)

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Fricas [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[{\rm integral}\left (\sqrt{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}, x\right ) \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

integral(sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a), x)

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Sympy [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[ \int \sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}\, dx \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate((c*x**4+b*x**2+a)**(1/2),x)

[Out]

Integral(sqrt(a + b*x**2 + c*x**4), x)

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GIAC/XCAS [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[ \int \sqrt{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}\,{d x} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

integrate(sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a), x)